Force, form, and function: New method explains stingray skeleton architecture

When John Michael Racy looks at a stingray, he doesn’t just see an elegant elasmobranch—he sees a wealth of tantalizing engineering challenges. The UW mechanical engineering student’s research out of A&A’s Illimited Lab and the Friday Harbor Lab’s Lab 8, published in the Journal of the Royal Society Interface, is revealing how generative design can be used to analyze the complex shapes found in biological rigid structures like skeletons.

With his co-authors, aeronautics and astronautics Ph.D. student Bart Boom and Professor Adam Summers, who holds appointments in both the UW School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences and the biology department, Racy turned to generative design to understand the complex forces that shape the elements of the stingray fin skeleton. These small elements, called radials, are made from mineralized cartilage and have evolved sophisticated forms that traditional research methods struggle to analyze.

Two rays pictured side-by-side
UW Aeronautics & Astronautics
P. iwamae, the long-tailed river stingray, left; and A. nichofii, the banded eagle ray, right, the two species involved in this research.

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